Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing significance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Th

Industrial fuel plays a vital role in the modern production landscape. Works rely heavily on various types of fuel to produce the energy needed to power machinery, fabricate goods, and sustain overall operations. From fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable alternatives such as biomass and solar power, the option of fuel depends o

Carbon nanotubes filaments possess remarkable properties that have captured the focus of scientists and engineers for years. These linear structures, composed of rolled-up graphene sheets, exhibit exceptional stiffness, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. Harnessing these extraordinary characteristics has the potential to revolutionize